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Travis CI

You can test your website build against one or more versions of Ruby. The following guide will show you how to set up a free build environment on Travis, with GitHub integration for pull requests.

1. Enabling Travis and GitHub

To enable Travis builds for your GitHub repository:

  1. Go to your profile on travis-ci.org: https://travis-ci.org/profile/username
  2. Find the repository for which you’re interested in enabling builds.
  3. Flick the repository switch on so that it turns blue.
  4. Optionally configure the build by clicking on the gear icon. Further configuration happens via your .travis.yml file. More details below.

2. The Test Script

The simplest test script runs jekyll build and ensures that Jekyll doesn’t fail to build the site. It doesn’t check the resulting site, but it does ensure things are built properly.

When testing Jekyll output, there is no better tool than html-proofer. This tool checks your resulting site to ensure all links and images exist. Utilize it either with the convenient htmlproofer command-line executable, or write a Ruby script which utilizes the gem.

Save the commands you want to run and succeed in a file: ./script/cibuild

The HTML Proofer Executable

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e # halt script on error

bundle exec jekyll build
bundle exec htmlproofer ./_site

Some options can be specified via command-line switches. Check out the html-proofer README for more information about these switches, or run htmlproofer --help locally.

For example to avoid testing external sites, use this command:

bundle exec htmlproofer ./_site --disable-external

The HTML Proofer Library

You can also invoke html-proofer in Ruby scripts (e.g. in a Rakefile):

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

require 'html-proofer'
HTMLProofer.check_directory("./_site").run

Options are given as a second argument to .new, and are encoded in a symbol-keyed Ruby Hash. For more information about the configuration options, check out html-proofer’s README file.

3. Configuring Your Travis Builds

This file is used to configure your Travis builds. Because Jekyll is built with Ruby and requires RubyGems to install, we use the Ruby language build environment. Below is a sample .travis.yml file, followed by an explanation of each line.

Note: You will need a Gemfile as well, Travis will automatically install the dependencies based on the referenced gems. Here is an example Gemfile with two referenced gems, “jekyll” and “html-proofer”:

source "https://rubygems.org"

gem "jekyll"
gem "html-proofer"

Your .travis.yml file should look like this:

language: ruby
rvm:
  - 2.6.3

before_script:
 - chmod +x ./script/cibuild # or do this locally and commit

# Assume bundler is being used, therefore
# the `install` step will run `bundle install` by default.
script: ./script/cibuild

# branch whitelist, only for GitHub Pages
branches:
  only:
  - gh-pages     # test the gh-pages branch
  - /pages-(.*)/ # test every branch which starts with "pages-"

addons:
  apt:
    packages:
    - libcurl4-openssl-dev

cache: bundler # caching bundler gem packages will speed up build

# Optional: disable email notifications about the outcome of your builds
notifications:
  email: false

Ok, now for an explanation of each line:

language: ruby

This line tells Travis to use a Ruby build container. It gives your script access to Bundler, RubyGems, and a Ruby runtime.

rvm:
  - 2.6.3

RVM is a popular Ruby Version Manager (like rbenv, chruby, etc). This directive tells Travis the Ruby version to use when running your test script. Use a version which is pre-installed on the Travis build docker image to speed up the build.

before_script:
 - chmod +x ./script/cibuild

The build script file needs to have the executable attribute set or Travis will fail with a permission denied error. You can also run this locally and commit the permissions directly, thus rendering this step irrelevant.

script: ./script/cibuild

Travis allows you to run any arbitrary shell script to test your site. One convention is to put all scripts for your project in the script directory, and to call your test script cibuild. This line is completely customizable. If your script won’t change much, you can write your test incantation here directly:

install: gem install jekyll html-proofer
script: jekyll build && htmlproofer ./_site

The script directive can be absolutely any valid shell command.

# branch whitelist, only for GitHub Pages
branches:
  only:
  - gh-pages     # test the gh-pages branch
  - /pages-(.*)/ # test every branch which starts with "pages-"

You want to ensure the Travis builds for your site are being run only on the branch or branches which contain your site. One means of ensuring this isolation is including a branch whitelist in your Travis configuration file. By specifying the gh-pages branch, you will ensure the associated test script (discussed above) is only executed on site branches. If you use a pull request flow for proposing changes, you may wish to enforce a convention for your builds such that all branches containing edits are prefixed, exemplified above with the /pages-(.*)/ regular expression.

The branches directive is completely optional. Travis will build from every push to any branch of your repo if leave it out.

Be sure to exclude vendor from your _config.yml

Travis bundles all gems in the vendor directory on its build servers, which Jekyll will mistakenly read and explode on.

exclude: [vendor]

To speed up the build, you should cache the gem packages created by bundler. Travis has a pre-defined cache strategy for this tool which should have all the default configs to do exactly that.

cache: bundler

Optionally, if you are not interested in the build email notifications you can disable them with this configuration. Travis supports a wide array of notification services, you may find another one more useful (e.g. slack).

notifications:
  email: false

Troubleshooting

Travis error: “You are trying to install in deployment mode after changing your Gemfile. Run bundle install elsewhere and add the updated Gemfile.lock to version control.”

Workaround: Either run bundle install locally and commit your changes to Gemfile.lock, or remove the Gemfile.lock file from your repository and add an entry in the .gitignore file to avoid it from being checked in again.

Questions?

This entire guide is open-source. Go ahead and edit it if you have a fix or ask for help if you run into trouble and need some help.